Children living in food-insecure households are more likely to attend school on Fridays if they’re participating in a food-distribution program that provides them with backpacks of meals for the weekend, researchers at the University of Illinois found in a new study.
Students participating in the BackPack food program missed one Friday on average during the school year, about the same rate as the 155 children in the comparison group, said Barbara H. Fiese, the first author of the study and the director of the U. of I.’s Family Resiliency Center.
The study included 444 students at 16 schools in east central Illinois. Of these students, 289 were participants in Feeding America’s BackPack Program, a national initiative that provides children in food-insecure households with backpacks containing nutritious, easy-to-prepare meals to eat over the weekend.
Children in the program, who received their backpacks of weekend meals at school on Fridays, had fewer absences on Fridays than other school days.
BackPack students’ rates of perfect attendance on Fridays were similar to those of students in the comparison group, at 26 percent and 27 percent, respectively.
“Given that children in the BackPack program were more likely to miss school than children in the comparison group, we consider this effect noteworthy for academic engagement. Even if these children attend just a few more days per school year, over time that may improve their academic progress,” Fiese said.
“Thus, the simple act of distributing food on a Friday may have educational benefits for a particularly vulnerable group of children.”
Improved attendance as a result of participating in the food program may have spillover benefits for these children’s classmates as well, since chronic absenteeism has been found to negatively affect classmates’ academic performance too, the researchers wrote.
Eastern Illinois Foodbank identified prospective schools to participate in the program based upon the rate of free and reduced lunches provided in the community and school administrators’ willingness to participate in the project.
The participating elementary schools signed partnership agreements with the local food bank and appointed a staff member such as a principal, social worker or secretary to coordinate the BackPack program and select students from kindergarten to fifth grade to participate.
Eastern Illinois Foodbank provided a one-hour training session for the coordinators to teach them how to identify children from food-insecure households, based upon physical and behavioral indicators such as extreme thinness or students rushing the school lunch line.
Families of students at each school were mailed a six-item questionnaire that assessed whether they were food-insecure, based upon their using a food pantry or receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits during the prior 30 days.
Of the parents who returned the survey, about 44 percent were employed and about 20 percent were unemployed but seeking work, according to the study.
Among households whose children were selected for the BackPack program, 72 percent were food insecure versus 50 percent of families on the wait list, the researchers found.
The rates of food insecurity among these families were more than double and triple the national and county rates, which were both around 19 percent when the study was conducted during the 2011-12 school year, the researchers noted.
Published recently in the Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, the paper was co-written by agriculture and consumer economics professor Craig Gundersen; Brenda Koester, the center’s assistant director; and Elaine Waxman, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute.
